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    「護國」理念與近代中日佛教 ：以井上圓了、梁啟超、蔡元培為中心
    “Nation-Protection”philosophies and Modern Buddhism in Chinese and Japan：Inoue Enryo, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei.
저자 倪管嬣 권호 Vol.5 No.1
언어 중국어 페이지 35
게재일 2023.02.18 PDF Download
키워드
    護國、近代中日佛教、井上圓了、梁啟超、蔡元培
    Nation-Protection, Modern Buddhism in Chinese and Japan, Inoue Enryo, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei
요약
 本文旨在探討佛教「護國」的思想在近代中日佛教的變化與發展，並聚焦於井上圓了、梁啟超，以及蔡元培這三位代表性的人物。近代中日佛教「護國」觀念的本質與依據，主要是為適應近代國家而展開思考和實踐，將其與國家命運繫縛在一起，使佛教不再只是束之高閣的思想理論，而是身為「國民」肩負著保護國家的責任，強調佛法是為國家所需，解釋「佛教國益論」和「佛教護國論」的重要性。首先探討井上圓了在《佛教活論序論》一書中，針對「護國」與「愛理」進行闡發。圓了主張學問是對國家富強有幫助的，護國之道是熱愛真理，熱愛真理的目的是護國，護國與愛理不相矛盾。護國與愛理雖同樣重要，但圓了最為關切的是「護國」，這與其所處的時代背景有著密切關聯。接著檢視梁啟超的佛教思想，是在與佛學研究的師友們影響之下，包括純理論的研究，和現實的實踐方針，表現一種訴諸佛學融入治國理念的行文模式，其所認定的人民與國家是互相依存的關係，展現其佛學與政治理念的建構基礎。最終聚焦〈佛教護國論〉一文中，蔡元培雖受井上圓了「護國愛理」與對佛教進行哲學化處理的宗教理念之影響，但更加入了中國傳統儒家和道家的學問脈絡，和佛教進行對照，提出自己的看法。可看出蔡元培「護國」的核心理念為實踐民權，以及達成民主與自由的政治理想。
Abstract This article mainly discusses Buddhism “Nation-Protection”philosophies changes and developments in China and Japan in modern times. And focus on these 3 representatives：Inoue Enryo, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei. Modern China and Japan Buddhism “Nation-Protection”philosophies,which essence and basis of this concept mainly to adapt to modern countries to expand thinking and practice in order to tied to the destiny of the country. So Buddhism is no longer a slogan and theory and to become “As a citizen”,you have the responsibility to protect the country.Emphasize that Dharma is needed by the country. Explain the importance of Buddhism “Nation’s Benefit” and “Nation-Protection”.Firstly ,to explore Inoue Enryo’s the two main ideas—“Nation-Protection” and “ Cherish the truth”in《佛教活論序論》this book. Enroy’s idea is that Learning is helpful to the prosperity of the country, the way to protect the country is to love the truth and the purpose of loving the truth is to protect the country. They will not contradict each other.Although they are equally important. But Enryo is most concerned about —“Nation-Protection”. This is closely related to the background of his time.The context of Liang Qichao’s Buddhism studies was under the influence of Buddhist Studies division of the faithful with a recourse to the rule of Buddhist philosophy into language patterns. Buddhist thought of Liang Qichao, includes pure research and the reality of practice guidelines. He thinks that people and the development of the country can get benefits from Buddhism which shows the construction of the foundation of his political philosophy.Finally discussed in〈佛教護國論〉 this article, although Cai Yuanpei Influenced by Enryo’s “ Nation-protection and Cherish the Truth” and studying in the philosophical religion of Buddhism.But in fact he also joined the traditional Chinese Confucianism and Taoist cultural context. It can also be seen that Cai Yuanpei’s “ Nation-Protection “core philosophy is to practice civil rights and achieve the political ideals of democracy and freedom