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    晚清中国驻朝鲜商务署对朝鲜华商的管理:以护照执照制度为中心
    Management of Chinese Merchants in Korea by the Chinese Commercial Agency in Korea in the late Qing Dynasty:Centered on the Passport License System
저자 王奕斐 권호 Vol.4 No.1
언어 중국어 페이지 28
게재일 2023.01.31 PDF Download
키워드
    朝鲜华商, 护照执照, 清朝驻朝鲜商务署, 贸易网络
    Korean Chinese businessmen, Passport license, Qing Dynasty Commercial Agency in Korea, Trade network
요약
 护照执照制度是清朝驻朝鲜商务署管理华商的重要方式。为了核实华商的身份和维护当地治安, 商务署建立了身份护照制度, 要求华商来到朝鲜需要登记个人信息, 并领取证明身份的护照。该护照从最初只在汉城和仁川两地实行, 扩大到朝鲜所有通商口岸, 从而使商务署可以全面掌握华商的情况, 对华商建立了统一的管理。内地通行护照是华商前往朝鲜内地采办土货的通行证。该护照的申请需要商董和商务委员的严格核查, 确保商人身份的真实性, 并由大号商家担保, 而且要保证进入内地之后没有违法行为发生,这在一定程度上对华商的行为进行了规范。海参崴护照为华商前往俄国海参崴贸易提供了合法手续, 扩大了贸易网络, 打通了从朝鲜前往俄国的贸易路线, 强化了东亚各口岸的联系。通过护照执照制度, 清朝商务署既实现了对华商的有效管理, 又推动了华商商业的发展。
Abstract The passport license system was an important way for the Qing Dynasty's Commercial Office in Korea to manage Chinese merchants. In order to verify the identity of Chinese merchants and to maintain local security, the Commercial Office established a system of identity passports, which required Chinese merchants to register their personal information and obtain a passport to prove their identity when they arrived in Korea. Through this system, the Qing Dynasty Commercial Service gradually established a unified management of Chinese merchants in Korea. The mainland passport and the Vladivostok passport were the passports for Chinese merchants to travel to the mainland of Korea and trade in Vladivostok. With these two passports, Chinese merchants could travel to the interior of Korea for local goods or travel from Korea to Russia for trade, which expanded the trade network. Through the passport license system, the Qing Dynasty Commercial Office was able to effectively manage Chinese merchants and promote their business and trade.