> 교육출판 > 비교중국연구 > 논문검색

논문검색

제목
    논문2:蔡志祥 「生死两惘然： 战后新、马华人对死难者的悼念与忘却」
    CHOI Chi-cheung,The Wake: Remembering and Forgetting the Dead in Post-War Singapore and Malaysia Chinese Communities
저자 蔡志祥 권호 Vol.3 No.2
언어 중국어 페이지 33
게재일 2022.07.31 PDF Download
키워드
    集体记忆、救赎仪式、二次大战后、新加坡华人、集体先人
    Collective Memory, Salvation Ritual, Post-World War II, Singapore Chinese, Collective Ancestors
요약
 二次大战结束后，东南亚各地面对急促的宏观的和微观的政治经济以 至社会环境的变化。在政治方面华侨的祖国实行了约30年的“锁国政 策”。日本投降后也暂时的在美国的安全保护伞庇荫下成长。东南亚诸国 在战后短暂的回复殖民地的地位后，很快地脱出殖民帝国的管治、建立 民族国家。从政治经济的角度来看，被日本占领三年多的时间，可以说 是东南亚地区从殖民地到民族国家的分界线。从社会的角度，战后是海 外华人逐渐和故国家园疏远、从旅居者到定居者的主要转折点。关于二 战后环太平洋地区、尤其是东南亚的研究，主要集中在政治军事的现象和经济生活困难的问题，以及由此导致占领者的不人道暴行以及被占领 者反抗侵略的英雄事迹。本文试图把视点放在战后新、马华人社区如何 纪念、追悼有主或无主的战争死难者。尝试指出在战后当地域社会和国 家忙于重建、应付生活的困难和解决战后的种族紧张局面时，平民百姓 如何诉诸宗教习俗，从而安抚他们对前景的焦虑和不安。战后荒冢累累 的现象，增加了人们对无祀灵魂的忧虑。本文指出在这个时期，华人通 过了特别的救赎和追悼仪式，使无祀灵魂成为制度化的“集体先人”。集 体记忆和礼仪是帮助在东南亚社区的华人应对战后的创伤，处理祖先魂 魄无依以及面对未知的幽冥世界的有效方式。
Abstract East Asia changed rapidly after the end of the World War II: China soon ruled under the communist party and engaged in a three decades' pseudo-closed door policy. Japan surrendered and temporary under the American security umbrella. Southeast Asian countries briefly returned to their colonial status but soon establishing their own nation states. For these Southeast Asian countries： the Pacific War and a brief occupation by the Japanese is; from a political-economy perspective； a period of demarcation marking the routes towards post-colonial nation states. From a social perspective, the post war period was a time when overseas Chinese turning from being sojourners to settlers and gradually alienating from their ancestral homeland. Study of the Second World War particularly in the Pacific Rim has long been focusing on political and military phenomena and on economic difficulties which led to distressing reactions towards the occupiers' inhumane brutality and the sufferers' heroic anti-colonial campaigns. This paper attempts to look at particularly Singapore and Malaysia Chinese communities in the wake of the war with a focus on how the society remembered the dead； attended and unattended. It argues, in the time when the societies were busy reconstructing, dealing with subsistence difficulties and resolving post-war ethnic tensions； the commoner resort to religious practices in order to sooth their traumatic anxiety and uncertainty. It further argued that wandering spirits were turned into "collective ancestors" attended by the Institutions through specific salvation rituals. Collective memory and rituals are the ways to help the Chinese in Southeast Asian communities to respond to the post-war trauma； especially when unknown afterworld is concerned.